Most people have had swollen, irritated, or painful taste buds at some point in their lives. Fortunately, in most cases this is not a serious problem and there is no need to seek medical attention. Simple home remedies can often help reduce discomfort.
More serious causes of swollen taste buds include allergies and some diseases like yeast infection, geographic tongue, GERD, and herpes infection. Fungal infections in the mouth sometimes occur after the use of antibiotic medications. This is because the antibiotic kills the “good bacteria” in the intestine and causes an overgrowth of the bad ones: yeast. Yogurt can help restore balance in the digestive tract.
Geographic tongue is a harmless condition and usually of little concern. The name describes what the tongue looks like when discolored by inflammation, like a “map” with some areas lighter than others. The cause is unknown, but it is believed to be hereditary and can be affected by stress and hormonal changes. People with geographic tongue often have other allergies, asthma, or eczema. Although the tongue looks abnormal, most people will have no other symptoms and will not need treatment. This is not a contagious condition, so you don’t need to worry about spreading it to other people through kissing.
Rather, herpes is a contagious viral infection. Red, swollen sores may develop on the tongue. While there are antiviral medications that can help with outbreaks, there is no cure. Talk to a doctor if you suspect you have this infection.
Acid reflux is another health problem that can cause tongue problems. GERD, as it is also known, occurs when acid backs up from the stomach and irritates the throat and tongue. If you suspect that you have GERD, you should seek medical attention. If left untreated, it can actually lead to esophageal cancer.
However, the most common cause of swollen taste buds is something you have eaten: eating foods that have irritated your tongue. Very spicy (spicy foods) contain a chemical called capsaicin. This chemical is what gives spicy food its flavor, but it is quite irritating to the tongue and over time can decrease your ability to taste food. Salty foods such as potato chips will dry out the tongue and irritate individual taste buds due to the crystalline structure of salt. Vinegar is another tongue irritant, so salt and vinegar sprinkles pack a double whammy! Other examples of foods that can cause this problem include: sour fruits (such as lemons, limes, or grapefruit), mustards, horseradish, wasabi, cinnamon, and ginger. If you know you’ve eaten foods that have irritated your tongue, then the best way to prevent swollen taste buds in the future is to simply not eat those foods. In just a few days, your tongue will start to feel much better.
For more immediate relief, try ice cubes. The cold helps to numb the tongue and will soothe the pain quickly. Similarly, ice cream or any other cold food will help relieve discomfort. If problems with your taste buds and tongue persist, you should see your doctor to make sure a more serious problem isn’t the cause. However, in most cases, the tongue will heal on its own within a few days and you will soon feel much better.
Summary: Swollen or inflamed taste buds sometimes alarm people, but most of the time the cause is not serious and the symptoms go away on their own. Often a simple home remedy will help, but it’s important to know the more serious causes so you know when to seek professional help.